The Role of Islamic Political Thought in Responding to the Challenges of Global Populism

Abstract

This research explores the contemporary relevance of Islamic political thought in addressing the moral and structural challenges posed by global populism, particularly its tendency to exploit religious sentiment for political gain. By examining the philosophical and ethical foundations articulated by classical and modern Islamic scholars such as Al-Mawardi, Al-Farabi, Ibn Khaldun, Muhammad Abduh, Rashid Rida, and Ali Shariati, this study highlights how Islamic governance emphasizes justice (adl), consultation (shura), and public welfare (maslahah) as central principles for legitimate authority. Using a qualitative and comparative approach, the research contrasts the inclusive moral vision of Islamic political ethics with the divisive logic of populist politics that often relies on polarization and emotional manipulation. The findings reveal that Islamic political thought provides a coherent ethical framework for reconciling faith-based values with democratic governance. It demonstrates that Islam envisions politics as a moral responsibility (amanah), grounded in accountability to God and service to the community, thereby rejecting populist tendencies toward exclusion, intolerance, and authoritarianism. Moreover, the study argues that Islamic ethics complements democratic principles by promoting participation, equality, and social justice within a spiritually guided political system. Ultimately, this research contributes to the global intercultural dialogue on harmonizing religion and democracy, offering Islam’s moral-political philosophy as an alternative model for sustaining justice, inclusion, and ethical leadership in contemporary governance. The integration of spiritual ethics with democratic practice not only challenges the excesses of populism but also reaffirms the enduring relevance of faith-based political thought in the pursuit of a just and humane global order.