Comparative Analysis of the Concept of Salvation in Islam and Christianity in the Contemporary Era

Abstract

This research explores a comparative analysis of the concept of salvation in Islam and Christianity in the contemporary era, focusing on how both religions interpret, experience, and communicate the idea of redemption and divine mercy in a modern, globalized context. Using a qualitative comparative approach grounded in comparative theology and interreligious studies, the study examines primary theological sources the Qur’an, Hadith, and the Bible as well as classical and contemporary writings from scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Thomas Aquinas, John Hick, and Seyyed Hossein Nasr. The research identifies that both Islam and Christianity regard salvation as a dynamic process that involves the interaction between divine grace and human moral responsibility, even though they differ in doctrinal emphasis: Christianity focuses on faith in Jesus Christ as the Redeemer, while Islam centers on submission to the will of Allah, faith (iman), and righteous deeds (amal saleh). The findings reveal both shared and unique theological elements within each faith. While both emphasize repentance, moral transformation, and the pursuit of divine mercy, their approaches to mediation between God and humanity differ fundamentally. The study also demonstrates how modern thought, secularism, and globalization have influenced the reinterpretation of salvation, leading to more inclusive and dialogical perspectives that encourage interfaith understanding. These changes reflect an adaptive response to the ethical and spiritual challenges of the contemporary world, where rigid exclusivism gives way to pluralistic dialogue and mutual respect. Furthermore, the research highlights the practical implications of these theological insights for fostering interreligious cooperation and peacebuilding. Recognizing the moral and spiritual parallels between the two traditions provides a foundation for collaborative efforts in promoting justice, compassion, and social harmony. Ultimately, this study concludes that the concept of salvation when viewed through the lens of comparative theology serves not only as a core doctrine of faith but also as a bridge for intercultural dialogue and unity. It reaffirms that understanding and respecting the salvific teachings of Islam and Christianity can contribute meaningfully to global religious harmony and the shared pursuit of spiritual fulfillment in the modern age.